@font-face {
  font-family: 'Noto Sans Arabic';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/noto-sans-arabic-arabic-400.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0600-06FF, U+0750-077F, U+0870-088E, U+0890-0891, U+0897-08E1, U+08E3-08FF, U+200C-200E, U+2010-2011, U+204F, U+2E41, U+FB50-FDFF, U+FE70-FE74, U+FE76-FEFC, U+102E0-102FB, U+10E60-10E7E, U+10EC2-10EC4, U+10EFC-10EFF, U+1EE00-1EE03, U+1EE05-1EE1F, U+1EE21-1EE22, U+1EE24, U+1EE27, U+1EE29-1EE32, U+1EE34-1EE37, U+1EE39, U+1EE3B, U+1EE42, U+1EE47, U+1EE49, U+1EE4B, U+1EE4D-1EE4F, U+1EE51-1EE52, U+1EE54, U+1EE57, U+1EE59, U+1EE5B, U+1EE5D, U+1EE5F, U+1EE61-1EE62, U+1EE64, U+1EE67-1EE6A, U+1EE6C-1EE72, U+1EE74-1EE77, U+1EE79-1EE7C, U+1EE7E, U+1EE80-1EE89, U+1EE8B-1EE9B, U+1EEA1-1EEA3, U+1EEA5-1EEA9, U+1EEAB-1EEBB, U+1EEF0-1EEF1;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Noto Sans Arabic';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/noto-sans-arabic-latin-ext-400.woff2) format('woff2');
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}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Noto Sans Arabic';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/noto-sans-arabic-latin-400.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Noto Sans Arabic';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/noto-sans-arabic-arabic-400.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0600-06FF, U+0750-077F, U+0870-088E, U+0890-0891, U+0897-08E1, U+08E3-08FF, U+200C-200E, U+2010-2011, U+204F, U+2E41, U+FB50-FDFF, U+FE70-FE74, U+FE76-FEFC, U+102E0-102FB, U+10E60-10E7E, U+10EC2-10EC4, U+10EFC-10EFF, U+1EE00-1EE03, U+1EE05-1EE1F, U+1EE21-1EE22, U+1EE24, U+1EE27, U+1EE29-1EE32, U+1EE34-1EE37, U+1EE39, U+1EE3B, U+1EE42, U+1EE47, U+1EE49, U+1EE4B, U+1EE4D-1EE4F, U+1EE51-1EE52, U+1EE54, U+1EE57, U+1EE59, U+1EE5B, U+1EE5D, U+1EE5F, U+1EE61-1EE62, U+1EE64, U+1EE67-1EE6A, U+1EE6C-1EE72, U+1EE74-1EE77, U+1EE79-1EE7C, U+1EE7E, U+1EE80-1EE89, U+1EE8B-1EE9B, U+1EEA1-1EEA3, U+1EEA5-1EEA9, U+1EEAB-1EEBB, U+1EEF0-1EEF1;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Noto Sans Arabic';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/noto-sans-arabic-latin-ext-400.woff2) format('woff2');
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}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Noto Sans Arabic';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-stretch: 100%;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/noto-sans-arabic-latin-400.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Source Sans 3';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/source-sans-3-latin-ext-400.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Source Sans 3';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/source-sans-3-latin-400.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Source Serif 4';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/source-serif-4-latin-ext-600.woff2) format('woff2');
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}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Source Serif 4';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(/fonts/source-serif-4-latin-600.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
:root{--ink:#191d25;--muted:#646b79;--line:#e5e7ec;--blue:#2d4bf0;--soft:#f3f5ff;--paper:#fff;--body-text:#505766;--control:#f4f5f7;--selected:#fff;--accent-line:#e2e7ff;--hover:#e8ecff;color-scheme:light;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);font-synthesis:none}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:32px}body{margin:0}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}button,a{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:5px}a:hover{color:var(--blue)}.wrap{width:min(1120px,calc(100% - 96px));margin-inline:auto}.header{height:108px;display:flex;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);gap:66px}.logo{font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:48px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-3px;line-height:1}.logo span{color:var(--blue)}nav{display:flex;gap:30px;font-size:14px}nav a{padding:12px 0}.header-note{margin-left:auto;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;color:var(--muted)}.intro{padding:54px 0 42px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.eyebrow{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1.3px}.eyebrow>span:first-child{color:var(--blue)}.edition{color:var(--muted);font-weight:400}h1{font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;font-size:clamp(52px,7vw,88px);line-height:1.12;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-4px;margin:25px 0 21px}h1 span{color:var(--blue)}.intro-bottom{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.intro-bottom p{font-size:18px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.intro-bottom>span{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}i{font-style:normal;margin:0 9px;color:#9ca2af}.reading-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:250px minmax(0,1fr);gap:66px;padding-top:34px}.sidebar{padding-top:16px}.sticky{position:sticky;top:40px}.overline{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted)}ol{list-style:none;counter-reset:item;padding:0;margin:24px 0}ol li{counter-increment:item;margin:0 0 22px;display:flex;align-items:baseline;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.5}ol li:before{content:counter(item,decimal-leading-zero);margin-right:15px;color:#9399a4;font-size:12px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}ol a:hover,ol a.active{color:var(--blue)}.sidebar-bottom{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:28px;max-width:200px;margin-top:42px}.small-mark{font:italic 28px Georgia,serif;color:var(--blue)}.sidebar-bottom p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted)}.reading-controls{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;margin-bottom:24px}.mode{display:flex;background:var(--control);padding:4px;border-radius:7px}.mode button{border:0;color:var(--muted);background:transparent;font:inherit;font-size:14px;padding:9px 14px;border-radius:4px;cursor:pointer}.mode button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--selected);color:var(--ink);box-shadow:0 1px 4px #141b2b12}.editor-note{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:18px;background:var(--soft);padding:21px 24px;border-left:2px solid var(--blue)}.note-symbol{color:var(--blue);font-size:23px}.editor-note p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.65;margin:0;color:var(--body-text)}.editor-note strong{font-weight:400;color:var(--ink)}article{padding:35px 0 29px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);scroll-margin-top:24px}.article-top{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px}.number{font:italic 22px Georgia,serif;color:#929aaa}.category{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;color:var(--blue);font-weight:600}h2{font-size:28px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-.7px;line-height:1.32;margin:15px 0 13px;text-wrap:pretty}article p{font-size:18px;line-height:1.78;color:var(--body-text);margin:0;max-width:67ch;text-wrap:pretty}.article-footer{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;align-items:baseline;margin-top:20px;font-size:13px}.article-footer a{font-size:14px;color:var(--ink)}.article-footer a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px;color:var(--blue)}.article-footer a>span:first-child{color:var(--blue);margin-left:5px}.article-footer>span{color:var(--muted)}.end-note{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:37px 0}.end-note>span{display:grid;place-items:center;width:31px;height:31px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:50%;color:var(--blue)}.end-note p{margin:0;font-size:16px}.end-note small{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;margin-top:7px}.end-note a{margin-left:auto;display:grid;place-items:center;width:40px;height:40px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:50%;font-size:22px}.sources{padding:25px 0 5px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.sources h2{font-size:16px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0;margin:0 0 10px}.sources p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.sources a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px;margin-top:75px;padding:30px 0 36px}.footer .logo{font-size:36px}.footer p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}.footer>span{margin-left:auto;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--muted)}.skip{position:absolute;left:20px;top:-100px;padding:14px;background:var(--selected);z-index:10}.skip:focus{top:10px}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}[hidden]{display:none!important}@media(min-width:1400px){.wrap{width:1120px}.reading-layout{grid-template-columns:250px 704px;gap:100px}}@media(max-width:900px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 56px)}.header{gap:40px}.header-note{display:none}.reading-layout{grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px}h2{font-size:25px}.sidebar-bottom{max-width:165px}.mode button{padding:9px 10px}}@media(max-width:650px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.header{height:84px;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.logo{font-size:43px}nav{gap:20px;font-size:14px}.intro{padding:34px 0 28px}.eyebrow{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.8px;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px}.edition{font-size:11px}h1{font-size:57px;letter-spacing:-2.7px;margin:24px 0 18px}.intro-bottom{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:14px}.intro-bottom p{font-size:17px}.reading-layout{display:block;padding-top:24px}.sidebar{display:none}.reading-controls{margin-bottom:20px}.overline{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1px}.mode button{font-size:13px;padding:9px 11px}.editor-note{padding:16px 18px;gap:12px}.editor-note p{font-size:15px}article{padding:29px 0 25px}h2{font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-.7px}article p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.75}.category{font-size:11px}.article-footer>span{font-size:12px}.footer{margin-top:48px;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap}.footer>span{width:100%;margin-left:0;font-size:11px}.footer p{margin:0}.end-note{padding:30px 0}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}

.languages{margin-inline-start:auto;display:flex;gap:3px!important;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid var(--line,#e5e7ec);border-radius:7px;padding:3px}.languages a{padding:6px 9px;font-size:12px;border-radius:4px;white-space:nowrap}.languages a[aria-current=page]{background:var(--soft);color:var(--blue)}.languages a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:2px}
[dir=rtl]{font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif}[dir=rtl] h1{font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:clamp(42px,6vw,74px);letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.45}[dir=rtl] h2,[dir=rtl] .category,[dir=rtl] .eyebrow,[dir=rtl] .overline{letter-spacing:0}[dir=rtl] article p{line-height:1.95}[dir=rtl] .logo{direction:ltr;display:inline-block}[dir=rtl] .sidebar ol{padding-right:0}[dir=rtl] .sidebar ol li:before{margin-right:0;margin-left:15px}[dir=rtl] .footer>span{margin-left:0;margin-right:auto}[dir=rtl] .article-footer a{display:inline-flex;gap:6px;align-items:center}
@media(max-width:900px){.header{gap:25px}.header>nav:not(.languages){gap:18px}}
@media(max-width:650px){.header{height:auto;min-height:90px;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-top:16px;padding-bottom:16px}.header>nav:not(.languages){order:3;width:100%;font-size:13px}.languages a{font-size:12px;padding:6px 10px}.eyebrow{gap:16px;line-height:1.6}.intro-bottom{gap:16px}.intro-bottom>span{white-space:nowrap}[dir=rtl] h1{font-size:42px}[dir=rtl] .footer>span{margin-right:0}.reading-controls{gap:12px}.mode button{white-space:nowrap}}

.article-footer{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 20px}.article-footer .ask-chatgpt{margin-inline-start:auto;color:var(--blue);background:var(--soft);border:1px solid var(--accent-line);border-radius:6px;padding:8px 11px;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px}.ask-chatgpt:hover{background:var(--hover)}.ask-chatgpt:focus-visible,.archive-card:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:4px}.edition-link{text-decoration:none;color:inherit}.edition-link:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.archive-context{display:flex;gap:14px;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:18px 0;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.archive-context a:last-child{margin-inline-start:auto}.archive-context a,.latest-link{color:var(--blue);text-decoration:none}.archive-list{max-width:900px;margin:40px auto 0}.archive-description{color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7;margin-bottom:35px}.archive-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:190px 1fr;gap:45px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:30px 0}.archive-date{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;font-size:15px}.archive-date>span{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.archive-headline h2{margin:0 0 12px;font-size:25px}.archive-headline p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted)}.archive-headline>span{display:block;color:var(--blue);font-size:13px;margin-top:20px}.archive-card:hover h2{color:var(--blue)}
@media(max-width:650px){.article-footer .ask-chatgpt{margin-inline-start:0}.archive-card{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.archive-date{flex-direction:row;justify-content:space-between}.archive-context{flex-wrap:wrap}.archive-headline h2{font-size:24px}.archive-list{margin-top:25px}}
.api-docs{max-width:800px;padding:36px 0 80px}.api-docs p,.api-docs li{line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted)}.api-docs h2{margin-top:38px}.api-docs pre{overflow:auto;background:var(--soft);padding:18px;border-radius:8px;font-size:13px}.api-docs code{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.api-docs a{color:var(--blue)}

:root[data-theme=dark]{--paper:#14171d;--ink:#e9ecf3;--muted:#a6adbc;--line:#303643;--blue:#9caeff;--soft:#222b43;--body-text:#c1c7d3;--control:#20252f;--selected:#343c4b;--accent-line:#3d4b70;--hover:#303b59;color-scheme:dark;}
@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme]){--paper:#14171d;--ink:#e9ecf3;--muted:#a6adbc;--line:#303643;--blue:#9caeff;--soft:#222b43;--body-text:#c1c7d3;--control:#20252f;--selected:#343c4b;--accent-line:#3d4b70;--hover:#303b59;color-scheme:dark;}}
.header{gap:32px}.header-preferences{margin-inline-start:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;flex-shrink:0}.header-preferences .languages{margin-inline-start:0}.theme-control select{font:inherit;font-size:12px;color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:7px;padding:9px 7px;min-height:36px;cursor:pointer;max-width:110px}.theme-control select:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:3px}@media(max-width:900px){.header{gap:18px}.header>nav:not(.languages){gap:14px}}@media(max-width:650px){.header{gap:10px}.header-preferences{gap:6px}.header-preferences .languages a{padding:6px 7px}.theme-control select{padding:8px 4px;max-width:85px}}

/* Editorial reading typography, self-hosted with Turkish and Arabic coverage. */
h2{font-family:'Source Serif 4',Georgia,serif;font-weight:600;font-size:29px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-.4px}
article p.summary,article p.brief{font-family:'Source Sans 3',Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:20px;line-height:1.65;letter-spacing:0;max-width:65ch}
.archive-headline p{font-family:'Source Sans 3',Arial,sans-serif;font-size:18px;line-height:1.65}
[dir=rtl] h2{font-family:'Noto Sans Arabic',Tahoma,sans-serif;font-weight:600;line-height:1.65;letter-spacing:0;font-size:26px}
[dir=rtl] article p.summary,[dir=rtl] article p.brief,[dir=rtl] .archive-headline p{font-family:'Noto Sans Arabic',Tahoma,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:18px;line-height:1.95}
@media(max-width:650px){h2{font-size:27px;line-height:1.32}article p.summary,article p.brief{font-size:19px;line-height:1.65}[dir=rtl] h2{font-size:24px}[dir=rtl] article p.summary,[dir=rtl] article p.brief{font-size:17px;line-height:1.95}}

.newsletter-signup{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:28px;margin:36px 0;background:var(--soft)}.newsletter-signup h2{margin-top:0}.newsletter-signup p{line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted);font-size:16px}.newsletter-signup form>label{display:block;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:8px}.newsletter-fields{display:flex;gap:10px}.newsletter-fields input{flex:1;min-width:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px;font:inherit;border-radius:6px}.newsletter-fields button{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);border:0;border-radius:6px;padding:12px 18px;font:inherit;cursor:pointer}.newsletter-fields button:disabled{opacity:.6;cursor:wait}.newsletter-consent{display:flex!important;align-items:flex-start;gap:8px;margin-top:15px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted)}.newsletter-consent input{margin-top:3px;accent-color:var(--blue)}.newsletter-honeypot{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip-path:inset(50%)}.newsletter-status:empty{display:none}.newsletter-status{margin-bottom:0}.newsletter-fields input:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:3px}@media(max-width:650px){.newsletter-signup{padding:20px}.newsletter-fields{flex-direction:column}}